Lipid Catabolism

Fatty acids in triglycerides (TG) are the

major source of energy in the body. TG are 

stored in adipocytes or are found in dietary

fat. 

 40% of daily energy requirement of people 

in industrial countries is met with TG. 

 Main tissues using fatty acids as energy

source are liver, heart and resting skeletal 

muscle

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lipid Metabolism

Building Blocks  for phospholipids and 

Glycolipids. 

2. Fatty acids are fuel molecules.

3. Fatty acids derivatives serve as hormones 

and intracellular messengers.

4. Fatty acids can be attached to protein and 

targeted them to membrane locations.

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High level of ketone bodies in blood are referred to as ketonemia •More ketone bodies in the urine is called as ketonuria. •Lungs mainly eliminate acetone. •The acetyl CoA formed in fatty acid oxidation enters into TCA cycle only if fat and carbohydrate degradation are appropriately balanced

High level of ketone bodies in blood are referred

to as ketonemia  

•More ketone bodies in the urine is called as 

ketonuria.  

•Lungs mainly eliminate acetone. 

•The acetyl CoA formed in fatty acid oxidation 

enters into TCA cycle only if fat and carbohydrate

degradation are appropriately balanced 

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Digestion & absorption

Lipids: Definition 

A group of organic substances that are 

insoluble in water and polar compounds 

but are soluble in organic solvents such as 

ether, benzene, alcohol and choloroform

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Gluconeogenesis

 Average adult human uses 160-200 g/day of 

glucose, mostly in the brain (75%)

 About 20g glucose in body fluids

 About 190 g stored as glycogen

 Less than 2 days worth

 In addition to eating glucose, we also make it.

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Fate of Absorbed Glucose
 1st

Priority: glycogen storage
◦ Stored in muscle and liver
 2nd

Priority: provide energy
◦ Oxidized to ATP
 3rd

Priority: stored as fat
◦ Only excess glucose
◦ Stored as triglycerides in adipose 

 

 

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TCA _ مقررات المستوى الثالث كليه الطب _ Biochemistry

The Three Stages of Respiration

• Stage I All the fuel molecules are oxidized to 

acetyl-CoA.

• Stage II :Acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized into CO2

electrons are collected by NAD and FAD via the  electrons are collected by NAD and FAD via the 

citric acid cycle.

• Stage III  Passage of electrons through the electron 

transport system to yield ATP from oxidative 

phosphorylation

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